{"id":103153,"date":"2025-01-09T16:38:24","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T11:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/hashmap-vs-hashtable\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T12:44:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T07:14:21","slug":"hashmap-vs-hashtable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/hashmap-vs-hashtable\/","title":{"rendered":"HashMap vs HashTable"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Working with Java and storing key-value pairs, but confused about choosing between HashMap and HashTable?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Don't worry; this article will help you better understand the differences between HashMap and HashTable. Both are fundamental data structures which use hash-based storage for key-value pairs.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, they cater to different needs. They provide functionalities like the capability to work on multi-threaded applications and the fastest way to retrieve data. Understanding the difference between the two is essential to know the specific usage of HashMap and HashTable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-hashmap\">What is a HashMap?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A HashMap in Java is a widely used data structure known for its implementation in the Map interface. Ideal for <strong>single-threaded<\/strong> applications where synchronization is handled externally. It provides constant time performance for most operations like insertion and retrieval. It stores data in <strong>key-value pairs<\/strong> and is known for its speedy results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagine a library which has approximately 70 categories of books. Each category contains approximately 200 books and has a barcode.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of searching category shelves endlessly, we can scan the barcode and track the book's location. That's precisely how a HashMap works. It maps keys, in our case, the barcodes to values and, in our case, the location of books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"features-of-hashmap\">Features of HashMap:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Allow null keys and values:<\/strong> in the HashMap, you can have a single null key and multiple null values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Not synchronized:<\/strong> it is efficient for single-threaded applications and does not handle multiple-threaded applications simultaneously.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High performance: <\/strong>in environments where synchronization is not required, it has high performance and fast speed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"syntax\">Syntax<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nHashMap&lt;K, V&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n\nWhere K = type of keys and V= type of values.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport java.util.HashMap;\n\npublic class HashMapExample {\n\npublic static void main(String&#x5B;] args) {\n\n\/\/ Create a HashMap\n\nHashMap&lt;Integer, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n\n\/\/ Add key-value pairs\n\nmap.put(1, &quot;Apple&quot;);\n\nmap.put(2, &quot;Banana&quot;);\n\nmap.put(null, &quot;Cherry&quot;); \/\/ Allows one null key\n\nmap.put(3, null); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Allows multiple null values\n\n\/\/ Print the HashMap\n\nSystem.out.println(&quot;HashMap: &quot; + map);\n\n}\n\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The output of the above code:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nHashMap: {null=Cherry, 1=Apple, 2=Banana, 3=null}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The example demonstrates the use of a HashMap in Java, which stores key-value pairs. Here's a brief explanation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Creation<\/strong>: A `HashMap` object is created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Adding Entries<\/strong>: Key-value pairs are added using `put()`.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Key `1` maps to \"Apple\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key `2` maps to \"Banana\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>`null` is used as a key for \"Cherry\" (HashMap allows one `null` key).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key `3` maps to `null` (HashMap allows multiple `null` values).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Output<\/strong>: The `HashMap` contents are printed using `System.out.println`.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Points:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HashMap allows one `null` key and multiple `null` values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The order of elements in a HashMap is not guaranteed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>HashMap<\/strong>: {null=Cherry, 1=Apple, 2=Banana, 3=null}`<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Need a detailed understanding of HashMaps?<br>Have more insights from<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/hashmap-in-java\/\"> HashMap IN JAVA \u2013 Everything You Need to Know About<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-hashtable\">What is a HashTable?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Hash Tables: Boost Your Coding Efficiency\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8FAXypyF8mA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A HashTable is one of Java's classes introduced in <strong>JDK 1.0<\/strong>. It also stores data in key-value pairs, similar to HashMap. However, it supports synchronization and is suitable for <strong>multi-threaded<\/strong> applications. It is slower in comparison to HashMap and does not allow null keys and null values.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose you are building an online ticket booking system for railways. Thousands of people try to book tickets at the same time. A HashTable can be used in such a scenario where you can map seat numbers to their booking status.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"features-of-hashtable\">Features of HashTable:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thread-safety:<\/strong> it can handle multiple-threaded applications. It has the functionality of synchronization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No null keys or values:<\/strong> every key-value pair must be defined and non-null in a HashTable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"syntax\">Syntax:<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nHashTable&lt;K, V&gt; table = new HashTable&lt;&gt;();\n\nWhere, K = type of keys and V= type of values.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example\">Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport java.util.HashTable;\n\npublic class HashTableExample {\n\npublic static void main(String&#x5B;] args) {\n\n\/\/ Create a HashTable\n\nHashTable&lt;Integer, String&gt; table = new HashTable&lt;&gt;();\n\n\/\/ Add key-value pairs\n\ntable.put(1, &quot;Dog&quot;);\n\ntable.put(2, &quot;Cat&quot;);\n\n\/\/ Uncommenting these lines will throw NullPointerException\n\n\/\/ table.put(null, &quot;Fish&quot;);\u00a0\n\n\/\/ table.put(3, null);\n\n\/\/ Print the HashTable\n\nSystem.out.println(&quot;HashTable: &quot; + table);\n\n}\n\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The output of the above code:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nHashTable: {1=Dog, 2=Cat}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Creation: <\/strong>A HashTable object is created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Adding Entries:<\/strong> Key-value pairs are added using put().<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Key 1 maps to \"Dog\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 2 maps to \"Cat\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Null Handling:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HashTable does not allow null keys or null values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uncommenting the lines with null will throw a NullPointerException.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Output: The HashTable contents are printed using System.out.println.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key Points:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HashTable does not allow null keys or null values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is synchronized and thread-safe, unlike HashMap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"difference-between-hashmap-and-hashtable\">Difference between HashMap and HashTable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>HashMap and Hashtable are data structures used to store key-value pairs, but they have some important differences. Here's a comparison between them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Features<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>HashMap<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>HashTable<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Introduced in<\/strong><\/td><td>Java 1.2, after Java\u2019s collection framework&nbsp;<\/td><td>Java 1.0, long before establishment of java\u2019s collection framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Synchronization<\/strong><\/td><td>Not supported<\/td><td>Supported<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Thread Safety<\/strong><\/td><td>Not safe<\/td><td>Safe<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Performance<\/strong><\/td><td>Faster<\/td><td>Slower due to synchronization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Null keys or values<\/strong><\/td><td>Allows<\/td><td>Does not allow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Use Case<\/strong><\/td><td>Best for single-threaded or externally synchronized applications<\/td><td>Suitable for multi-threaded environments<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Scalability<\/strong><\/td><td>Better scalability<\/td><td>Poor scalability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Usage Trend&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>Widely used in modern java applications&nbsp;<\/td><td>Rarely used in modern environments<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are new to data structures, you can get help from<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/data-structures-using-java\/\"> Data Structures in Java \u2013 A Beginners Guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"when-to-use-hashmap-vs-hashtable\">When to use HashMap vs HashTable?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In some situations, people often confuse the choice between HashMap and HashTable, as they are data structures that store key-value pairs. Based on the context of your application, you can:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized zoomable\" data-full=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/HashMap-vs-HashTable-differences.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/HashMap-vs-HashTable-differences.jpg\" alt=\"when to use HashMap and HashTable\" class=\"wp-image-103166\" style=\"width:492px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/HashMap-vs-HashTable-differences.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/HashMap-vs-HashTable-differences-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/HashMap-vs-HashTable-differences-150x124.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Choose HashMap if:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You are working on a single-threaded application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You do not synchronization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You need speedy results and faster performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You need to store null keys or values<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Choose HashTable if:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thread safety is your priority<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You do not want to manage external synchronization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are in a legacy codebase that already uses it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Still confused about synchronization and how it works? Don't worry, we have a solution for you:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/synchronization-in-java\/\"> Synchronization in Java<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"best-practices-for-modern-java\">Best Practices For Modern Java<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While the HashTable is suitable to use in a multi-threaded environment and is a safe option for key-value storage in Java, it has been largely replaced by more efficient options like concurrent HashMap.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HashTable synchronizes every process, which means even read operations are blocked if another thread is writing. This reduces the performance of HashTables under high concurrency.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The limitation in HashTable of not allowing null keys or values makes it less convenient than ConcurrentHashMap. HashTable was introduced before the collection framework's establishment; therefore, integrating with new Java libraries and features like streams and lambdas is less flexible and more challenging.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suggested Read:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/blog\/collection-in-java\/\">Collections in Java - Java Collection Framework<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HashTable is still available for use but is generally not recommended due to its limitations and inefficiencies. Alternatives like ConcurrentHashMap or wrapping a HashMap are some scalable options in modern world practices. Also, they provide a thread-safe environment with faster performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Choosing a data structure is entirely dependent on your requirements. This article has provided in-depth details of HashMaps and HashTables and their differences and usage. In developing modern applications, a HashMap is suitable due to its flexibility and performance, whereas in a multi-threaded environment, a HashTable is preferred. HashTable has some limitations, which are overcome by its alternatives, such as ConcurrentHashMap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are a beginner and want to learn more about Java programming, you can take our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mygreatlearning.com\/academy\/learn-for-free\/courses\/java-programming\">free Java course<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HashMap or HashTable? Understand their features and make an informed choice for your Java application.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":103180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25860],"tags":[36826],"content_type":[],"class_list":["post-103153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software","tag-java"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Difference between HashMap and HashTable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Compare HashMap and HashTable in Java. 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