Factorial Program in C

To understand Factorial in the C program, you must first learn about the basics of the C programming language and a few of its essential concepts to implement Factorial Program in C. C is considered the backbone of all the programming languages. It helps you understand programming from a structural level. Many beginners are suggested to start their coding experience with C to understand programming better. Many educational institutions prefer teaching C programming language to the freshers in the computer science department. 

The data types in C are considered the data storage format utilized by the variables to store the data to perform specific operations. The Variables are defined with the help of the data types in the program. The size of the variables, arrays, and constants are determined with the help of data types. The C programming language has four data types: basic data types, enumeration data type, derived data type, and void data type. The data types like int, char, double, float all fall under basic data types. Enum data type belongs to enumeration data type. The data types like a pointer, array, structure, union come under derived data type. Lastly, void belongs to the void data type.

Variable in C is a named location in the memory that allows a program to manipulate the data. These designated locations help hold the value of the variable. All these variables have their own values, which may be changed accordingly in the program. These variables can belong to any data type like int, char, float, etc. You are now aware of the variables, but it is also essential to name them. You must follow some rules when you are naming a variable in C. The variable’s name must start with a letter or an underscore, and no special characters are allowed. These variables are case-sensitive and can be constructed with the help of digits and letters.

To write a program in C, you must be aware of the operators and expressions. Some symbols are used to perform the logical and mathematical operations in a C program known as operators in C. These operators in the C programming language bring individual constants and variables together to form expressions. You can also say these operators, functions, variables, and constants create expressions. You must be aware of some significant operators while using them in the program. There are eight types of operators in C: arithmetic operators, Assignment operators, Relational operators, Logical operators, Bitwise operators, Conditional / ternary operators, Incremental / Decrement operators, and Special characters. 

You must also be aware of decision control statements like operators and expressions. The decision control statements are a group of statements executed when the condition becomes true, and if it is false, the other part of the statements are executed. Some of you may be familiar with these operations, which are nothing but the if-else and nested if statements. Thus, You can say that there are three kinds of decision control statements: If statements, if-else statements, and nested if statements. The syntax of the if statement is as below

if(condition)

{

statements; 

}

If the condition mentioned in the if statement is true, then only the concerned block of code gets executed. The syntax of the if-else statement is as below:

if(condition)

{

statement_1; statement_2; 

}

else

{

staement_3; statement_4;

}

If the condition mentioned in the if statement is true, then the multiple statements specified in the block get executed. If the condition is false, then the else statements get executed. Nested if statements are nothing but the multiple if-else statements are defined to bring out the specified output. The syntax for the nested if-else statements are as follows:

if(condition_1)

{

statement_1;

} 

else_if(condition_2)

{

statement_2;

}

esle statement_3;

If condition_1 is true, then statement_1 is executed, and if it is false, then condition_2 is checked, and accordingly, the statements are executed. If the condition_2 is also false, then the else statement_3 gets executed. 

Factorial is a mathematical concept that states the factorial of any non-negative integer n is the products of all the positive integers less than or equal to n. The factorial of n is denoted as n! For example, factorial of n=3, 3! is 1*2*3 = 6. Hence, 3! is 6. Permutation and Combination play an important role in both mathematical problems and coding. Factorial is one of the major concepts to understand to get familiar with permutation and combination concepts. Factorial in C programming language can be coded in two methods. First is, Factorial in C through the loop, and second is Factorial in C through recursion. 

Factorial in C through the loop

Below is the implementation of the Factorial in C through loop:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int i, factorial=1,num;

printf(“Enter the Number: ”);

scanf(“%d”, &num);

for(i=1; i<=num; i++)

{

factorial = factorial*i;

}

printf(“Factorial of %d is= %d”, num, factorial);

return 0;

}

Factorial in C through recursion

#include<stdio.h>

long int factorial(int n);

int main()

{

int n;

printf(“Enter an integer: “);

scanf(“%d”,&d);

printf(“Factroial of %d : %ld”, n , factorial(n) );

return 0;

}

long int factorial(int n)

{

if(n>=1)

return n*factorial(n-1);

else

return 1;

}

Suppose you want a factorial of the number 4 through the recursion function, then you can use the above Factorial in C through recursion code to get the required output. The integer 4 you entered is passed as an argument for the function factorial() through the initiation of main(). The following integer to pass as an argument to factorial() is 3 as you use a recursive call. The recursive call stays in action until the argument passed n is decreased to integer 1. When the value of the n is lease than the integer 1, there is no recursive call, and it returns the output to the main() function.

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